Is There A Real World Out There?

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Hand-drawn art by Rupali Bhuva
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Here’s a commonsense view of perception. Let’s call it the “how things seem” view.

There’s a mind‑independent reality out there, full of objects and people and places that actually have properties like color, shape, texture, and so on. Our senses act as transparent windows onto this world, detecting these objects and their features and conveying this information to the brain, whereupon complex neuronal processes read it out to form perceptions. A coffee cup out there in the world leads to a perception of a coffee cup generated within the brain. As to who or what is doing the perceiving—well, that’s the “self,” isn’t it, the “I behind the eyes,” one might say, the recipient of wave upon wave of sensory data, which uses its perceptual readouts to guide behavior, to decide what to do next. There’s a cup of coffee over there. I perceive it and I pick it up. I sense, I think, and then I act.

This is an appealing picture. Patterns of thinking established over decades, maybe centuries, have accustomed us to the idea that the brain is some kind of computer perched inside the skull, processing sensory information to build an inner picture of the outside world for the benefit of the self. This picture is so familiar that it can be difficult to conceive of any reasonable alternative.

LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: “Why do people say that it was natural to think that the sun went round the Earth rather than that the Earth turned on its axis?”

ELIZABETH ANSCOMBE: “I suppose, because it looked as if the sun went round the Earth.”

LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: “Well, what would it have looked like if it had looked as if the Earth turned on its axis?”

In this delightful exchange between Wittgenstein and his fellow philosopher (and biographer) Elizabeth Anscombe, the legendary Austrian thinker uses the Copernican revolution to illustrate the point that how things seem is not necessarily how they are. Although it seems as though the sun goes around the Earth, it is of course the Earth rotating around its own axis that gives us night and day, and it is the sun, not the Earth, that sits at the center of the solar system. Nothing new here, you might think, and you’d be right. But Wittgenstein was driving at something deeper. His real message for Anscombe was that even with a greater understanding of how things actually are, at some level things still appear the same way they always did. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, same as always.

As with the solar system, so with perception. I open my eyes and it seems as though there’s a real world out there. Today, I’m at home in Brighton. There are no cypress trees like there were in Santa Cruz, just the usual scatter of objects on my desk, a red chair in the corner, and beyond the window a totter of chimney pots. These objects seem to have specific shapes and colors, and for the ones closer at hand, smells and textures too. This is how things seem.

Although it may seem as though my senses provide transparent windows onto a mind‑independent reality, and that perception is a process of “reading out” sensory data, what’s really going on is—I believe—quite different. Perceptions do not come from the bottom up or the outside in, they come primarily from the top down, or the inside out. What we experience is built from the brain’s predictions, or “best guesses,” about the causes of sensory signals. As with the Copernican revolution, this top‑down view of perception remains consistent with much of the existing evidence, leaving unchanged many aspects of how things seem, while at the same time changing everything.

Seed Questions for Reflection

How do you relate to the notion that we might be seeing the same thing that we always do inspite of a major shift in our underlying model of reality? Can you share a personal story of a time you realized you had very different eyes toward the same external reality? What helps you dig deeper into your model of reality to go beyond how things seem?

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17 Past Reflections
RH
May 28, 2024
all very true, the outter reality is changed by the inner perspective.
AJ
aj May 31, 2024
Amen Rachael! This I understand! The more simple and true we keep our inner perspectives … the more clear our outer reality becomes.
MA
manonthepath
May 28, 2024
For some reason, I have always sought and loved Truth. I have had a few people that I could discuss Truth with in a manner that helped Truth reveal itself. On these rare occasions, there would be a "racing," rushing" feeling of heightened expanding awareness triggered by the momentum of the discussion - a feeling that felt like I or we were "going" or "arriving" at a higher awareness, but usually plateaued at a calm peaceful point of Awareness. One time however, I was on the phone discussing Truth with a good friend when that "racing" feeling started, I ended the call to allow the awareness to expand and this time, for the first time, found I had actually "arrived" at a very surprising Awareness I had never had, seen or even suspected might be true. In that moment and awareness, I saw how everything, and I mean utterly and literally everything you see and perceive in your world is all created by You. You put it all there. Every person, every event and every experience that has e... View full comment
JW
John Wozniak
May 28, 2024
I would guess optical illusions are an example of this.
TH
May 28, 2024
Sounds consistent with Dakshinamurthy Stotram of Adishankara. Appealing and intriguing. But so difficult to comprehend and apply it consistently through day to day life.
ST
May 28, 2024
Ahhhh! Heady stuff. This morning in predawn I listened to bird song then enjoyed 4 gentle deer grazing as I read a sweet letter from a dear friend in Sweden
Here in Eureka Springs Arkansas.
Her message was heartfelt and blended well with the birdsong and deer in the trees. And then the cup of tea that my beloved delivered and the intimate poem we read relating to a political prisoner.
So all of that and a world of experiences are all flowing together in me at this moment as I return to my breath , a sip of tea,my lover’s warm embrace, a kiss, her eyes and smile.
HT
May 28, 2024
this is poignant as I go through observing my father slowly running out of days. As I remember him being strong and sometimes big and intimidating as a small child. I see now that he always was a child inside a large body and that is where I’m going as I age. He was always a child of war likely afraid at times hungry sad, bewildered, and any other myriad of feelings. None of that matters anymore and I see him now more authentic than ever before. … The love is free from all human perceptions I had before
DE
Deborah
May 28, 2024
Absolutely true, 100% of the time, no exceptions. We live in the feeling of our thinking, not in the feelings of our circumstances. Seeing this , really seeing this, is life changing. Sydney Banks describes this as the principles of thought and consciousness. These two principles along with the third principle of universal mind make up our entire experience of life. And when you see how life really works rather than the innocent illusion that most of us live in, life makes more sense and gets so so much easier.
CS
Charles Savage
May 28, 2024
Thanks for awakening our need to rethink the "dynamics" of perception. Alas, most of us are still within the realm of perception in terms of the world of SPACE, with our five senses. As you well know, ibn al-haytham, about 1,000 years ago (Egypt) helped us to understand our perception of light, with his Camera Obscura model - and his book on Optics that was a treasure for over 500 years. It would be nice if he could return and help us with our big problem of "Life Obscura." And here it is not objects in SPACE, but the dynamics in TIME. Here he, or maybe your next book, would be on the Optics of Insights! SPACE we understand, but, alas, TIME is still a mystery. We are so captive to the "Linear Clock Time" model, Greeks called it Chronos, that we can hardly even imagine Kairos, the Meaning Enriching dimensions of time. As you will easily remember, using the OM symbol, we need to move from the lowest level, the Jagrata, to the forth level, the Turiya, where wisdom (Satvic) comes ali... View full comment
JD
May 24, 2024
What a fascinating discourse!

"What we experience is built from the brain’s predictions, or 'best guesses,' about the causes of sensory signals."

The German word for perception is "Wahrnehmung" . Its etymological roots are "Wahr" - truth and "nehmen" - to take.

So what I perceive is my take of the truth. The reality is what I make of what I sense through my eyes, ears, nose, taste and feel. Everything is based on my perspetive. And the mind interprets all these inputs based on learned biases from socio and cultural influences.

No wonder we have so many misunderstandings!

If we can learn to comprehend that our views may not always be shared by others, that the views of others could in fact also be "logical" and "rational"…

What we know or think we know should humble us enough to admit how little we actually know.
DD
David Doane May 28, 2024
"My take on truth" -- and everyone has one, like with the blind men gathered around the elephant, each with a different perception -- and how little we know of the whole -- all important to keep in mind.
DD
May 24, 2024
My view: None of us see the same thing. Every model of reality is a model and not reality. There is a model independent and mind independent reality, but not out there. There is only one reality and we are part of it. Reality manifests as mind, objects, and people, and mind provides properties like shape and color. It seems that there is external separate reality that we are observing, but how things seem is not what is. Perception comes from us. We see appearance. I always had my different eyes, that is, my unique perception, then I learned to see appearance as others saw, then began to question appearance, and eventually I grew in seeing reality being different than appearance, which propelled me over the last 25 years or so to embrace and foster my view and go beyond how things seem. To use author Seth's words, my view leaves "unchanged many aspects of how things seem, while at the same changing everything."
AJ
aj May 25, 2024
I hear you David! My thoughts similar to yours.
DD
David Doane May 28, 2024
Thank you.
AJ
aj May 28, 2024
You are a very gifted thinker/writer! Just saying …
JP
May 23, 2024
How do we perceive reality, the things as they are or the people as they are? Is my perception of things and people changing or remainnig the same? This is a profound existential question. According to me, my perception of things and people changes depending on the condition of my mind. When my mind is quiet, clear and open, my perception of the external world of things and people becomes clear. But when my mind is clouded by my past experiences, biases, and prejudices, my perception and understanding of the external world changes. The past has an impact on the present. As is my vision, so is my vision of reality. If my vision is blurred so is my vision of reality. If my vision is clear like the clear blue sky my perception of realty is clear without any distortion. Letting go of my biases and prejudices is very important for me to see the truth. Clearing up and quieting my mind is very important for me for my mental and emotional health, for my relationships with people in my life... View full comment
BS
May 23, 2024
Interesting read, reflection.
Round and Round we all are in the cosmic story.