Să începem prin a descrie cum nu înveți să gândești. Acum câteva luni a apărut un studiu al unei echipe de cercetători de la Stanford. Cercetătorii și-au propus să afle cum reușesc elevii de facultate să facă mai multe lucruri în același timp (multitask) mult mai bine decât adulții. ‘Cum reușesc oare să facă asta?’, s-au întrebat cercetătorii. Răspunsul, cum au avut să descopere spre surprinderea lor, a fost că nu se descurcă mai bine. Deși credeau că vor găsi capacități cognitive sporite, abilitățile ce permit oamenilor să facă multitasking eficient nu sunt de găsit. Iată însă și descoperirea cu adevărat surprinzătoare: cu cât oamenii fac mai multe lucruri în același timp, cu atât mai rău se descurcă, nu numai la multitasking, cât și la alte sarcini mentale.
Ce a deosebit acest studiu de altele a fost faptul că cercetătorii nu au testat funcțiile cognitive ale participanților în timp ce făceau mai multe lucruri în același timp. Au separat participanții în două grupuri: cei cu abilități sporite și cei cu abilități scăzute în multitasking și au folosit seturi diferite de teste pentru a măsura abilitățile cognitive implicate în multitasking. Cercetătorii au descoperit că participanții din grupa cu abilități ridicate au avut punctajul cel mai mic. Aceștia au avut dificultăți mai mari în a distinge între informații relevante și irelevante și în abilitatea de a ignora ultima categorie. Cu alte cuvinte aceștia erau mai ușor de distras. Erau de asemenea mai slabi la ce s-ar putea numi ‘retenție mentală’: păstrarea informației în ‘cutiuțele’ mentale potrivite și abilitatea de a o extrage rapid. Pe scurt, mintea acestor participați era dezorganizată. Rezultatele erau foarte slabe cu precădere la ceea ce definește multitasking-ul: trecerea rapidă de la o activitate la alta.
În concluzie, multitasking-ul nu înseamnă doar a nu gândi, ci împiedică abilitatea de a gândi corespunzător. A gândi presupune concentrarea atenției pe un lucru pentru suficient de mult timp astfel încât să dezvolți o idee legată de obiectul gândirii. Nu înseamnă învățarea ideilor altor persoane despre acel lucru sau memorarea unei anumite cantități de informații, cu toate foloasele care, uneori, decurg din aceste procese. Dezvoltarea propriilor idei. Pe scurt, a gândi pe cont propriu. Nu putem face asta în intervale de 20 de secunde, cu pauze de verificat mesaje pe facebook sau postări pe Twitter, sau jucându-ne cu ipod-ul și urmărind un video pe youtube.
Din proprie experiență spun că primul meu gând nu este niciodată cel mai bun. Primul meu gând este aproape mereu al altcuiva; este ceva ce am auzit în altă parte pe marginea subiectului, mai tot timpul este ‘gura lumii’. Doar prin concentrarea atenției, statul cu întrebarea, cultivarea răbdării, prin aducerea tuturor capacităților cognitive în acest proces, pot ajunge la o idee originală. Am nevoie să ofer creierului meu o șansă pentru a face asocieri, legături și chiar pentru a mă lua prin surprindere. Și poate nici chiar atunci ideea care-mi vine nu este prea grozavă. Am nevoie de timp să reflectez asupra ei, am nevoie să fac greșeli și să le recunosc, să urmez piste false și să le corectez, să rezist impulsurilor, să rezist tentației de a declara misiunea îndeplinită și de a trece la următorul lucru.
Am avut studenți care se lăudau cu viteza cu care pot termina o lucrare. Obișnuiam să le amintesc că marele romancier german Thomas Mann a spus că un scriitor este acea persoană căreia scrisul îi vine mai dificil decât oricui altcuiva. Cei mai buni scriitori scriu mult mai încet decât cei mai mulți dintre oameni și, cu cât sunt mai buni, cu atât scriu mai lent. James Joyce a scris Ulise, cel mai important roman al secolului 20, într-un ritm de 100 de cuvinte pe zi (...) timp de șapte ani. T. S. Eliot, unul dintre cei mai mari poeți ai țării, a scris aproximativ 150 de pagini de poezie în decursul întregii cariere de 25 de ani. Asta înseamnă o jumătate de pagină pe lună. La fel cu orice altă formă de gândire. Gândim cel mai bine când încetinim procesul și ne concentrăm.
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Întrebări pentru reflecție: Cum vă raportați la faptul că multitasking-ul împiedică procesul de gândire? Ați putea împărtăși o experiență când ați încetinit ritmul și v-ați concentrat mai mult asupra activității? Ce vă ajută să depășiți tentația de a face multitasking?
How do you relate to the finding that multitasking impairs our ability to think? Can you share a personal story of a time you went slower and concentrated more on your work? What helps you overcome the temptation to multitask?
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If the mind were to be likened to a stream of flowing water, multitasking is like using a spoon to fill up a bucket! It is inefficient and energy depleting. My practice in taijiquanteaches me everyday how important (not to mention tough) it is to move the body slowly. When I say “tough” I mean that we are so used to moving fast that slowing down is an effort but once the body is trained in slow movements, you experience an efficiency in use of muscles. Needless to say, the body becomes stronger. This is my experience with slowing down.
Passion for Quality over Quantity, ensures avoiding temptation to multitask. In fact it helps to deliver tasks in multiple domains and integrating them to enhance their effectivity.
Namaste....
William Deresiewicz should have done a muti-cultural study. I speak for us mothers in India. Over generations we as a race have beenmulti-taskersand every task done to its best.
I can speak for my self...am in the winters of my life and every single day has been multi- tasking. Cognitive abilities were at its optimum. There was focus on each of the tasks...while the attention was on one task it was completely there. Then when it shifted to another , may be in a couple of seconds, attention was there...focus shifted but attention was there. How else could I have catered to the individual taste buds of a large demanding joint family and rushed to school for I was an educator. Also looking into the needs of a growing child. Even now looking back i can say for sure that every task was done with great efficiency. reminiscing, there are no regrets. My memory is fantastic... and am still in the midst of young adults, working with and for them.
This is my experience. I learnt ho... View full comment
Namaste....
William Deresiewicz should have done a muti-cultural study. I speak for us mothers in India. Over generations we as a race have beenmulti-taskersand every task done to its best.
I can speak for my self...am in the winters of my life and every single day has been multi- tasking. Cognitive abilities were at its optimum. There was focus on each of the tasks...while the attention was on one task it was completely there. Then when it shifted to another , may be in a couple of seconds, attention was there...focus shifted but attention was there. How else could I have catered to the individual taste buds of a large demanding joint family and rushed to school for I was an educator. Also looking into the needs of a growing child. Even now looking back i can say for sure that every task was done with great efficiency. reminiscing, there are no regrets. My memory is fantastic... and am still in the midst of young adults, working with and for them.
This is my experience. I learnt how to think...each task taught me just that. Hide full comment
Very enlightening. This corroborates the findings premised in A DeadlyWandering, by Matt Richtel. The research around texting and drivingshowed that no one can attend to both at the same time, hence the dangers of cell phone use while driving. Ithas nothing to do with intelligence per se. Along this vein, Fifty minute segments of my school teaching days were painful. Fourth graderswould groan when pulled away from math or writing in which they were deeply engrossed. I let them go for two hours with the promise we would devote the next two hours to the other subject, whichthey heartily agreed to.School should encourage concentration instead of breaking it all day long. Attending to one thing well, one at a time, is most satisfying for the nervous system.
It is said & it is a fact that women are multitasked at one time.They have to take care of children ,cook the meal,answer the phone call & so on.They have the capacity to move from one task to the other frequentlyTthus,they have the strength to deal with many things.Vinoba Bhave used to wonder about this capacity of women.Yet, they can concentrate on one subject & score the highest in the examinations.It also depends how do you develop your abilities.
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PatrickSep 22, 2020
Ah but we all (women and men) aren't necessarily effective or efficient when we are being pulled in many different directions. Better to do one thing at a time well, then move on the next. Even busy homemakers ("mister moms" too) discover this truth.
Multitasking Is an Oxymoron/Misnomer/Illusion and a Myth. Lord Buddha, 2700 years ago, said that "Mind/Brain Can Only Focus At One Thought/Thing/Place At One Time" meaning Only One Thing, Attentively/Optimistically/Efficiently, Can Be Done Right At One Moment and that is why, He taught what is modern day's Buzzword, MINDFULNESS. This is an empirical/scientific fact proven by numerous experiments. Multitasking Is Exactly Opposite Of Mindfulness.
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Lucrezia
Sep 22, 2020
I don't know if I believe we aren't meant to multi-task. For example, mothers do it all the time. Even in "primitive" tribes, you see a woman with her baby wrapped onto her body, and the baby is either breastfeeding or sleeping while she cooks over a fire and cares for her other children or child. It is great to have the luxury to sit without anything to disruptone's thoughts but even in taking a walk in nature you can walk with only your thoughts but hopefully your also keenly aware of the forest sounds and possible danger, and the awareness of where you are, so you aren't blindly walking where you don't become aware of landmarks to remember so you can safely return. This too is multitasking.
BV
Bindu VazSep 23, 2020
What you describe when you refer to the walk in the forest is being keenly aware (or dare I say, awakened to) all our senses simultaneously. I wouldn’t call this multitasking. In fact, we have lost our ability to be aware of our various senses simultaneously because of multitasking!
The baby being nursed while the mother does something else is also not a fair example of multitasking because the baby is doing its thing and the mom is doing her thing! ☺ï¸
We don't really multitask. We aren't built to do two or more tasks at once. We're built to do one task well at a time or we can do multiple tasks not well at one time. What we call multitasking is serial multiple unitasking, rapidly moving back and forth from one task to another, not giving either or any of the tasks full time or attention. Writing satisfactorily requires my undivided attention. I often write slowly, thoughtfully, deliberately, wanting to clearly write what I really see and mean. Sometimes I get annoyed with my slowness, and Deresiewicz's essay about slowing down and concentrating is reassuring. When I overcome the temptation to multitask, what helps me is knowing that I don't multitask and knowing that my efforts to do so are inefficient.
Basically I ama mono-tasking person. When someone talks to me I want to be fullypresent to the person. I do not want my mind divided between here and there. I want to be connected and engaged with the other person. Paying full attention to the person is conducive not only for cultivating cognitive function but also for cultivating social and emotional learning, for cultivating effective and positive relationships. As a learner and a teacher, I see the value of of focused attention. Our personal experience and research studies show that multitaskinghas a strong and adverse effect on cultivating cognitive, emotional and social skills. Sadly, smart phones, laptops and video-games have been powerfuldistracting factors in our schools and families.
When I am reading, writing, listening, communicating, eating, walking, driving and meditating I make it sure that I am fully attentive and focused on what I am doing. This is mindfulness practice. When my mind goes astray by an external stimuluso... View full comment
Basically I ama mono-tasking person. When someone talks to me I want to be fullypresent to the person. I do not want my mind divided between here and there. I want to be connected and engaged with the other person. Paying full attention to the person is conducive not only for cultivating cognitive function but also for cultivating social and emotional learning, for cultivating effective and positive relationships. As a learner and a teacher, I see the value of of focused attention. Our personal experience and research studies show that multitaskinghas a strong and adverse effect on cultivating cognitive, emotional and social skills. Sadly, smart phones, laptops and video-games have been powerfuldistracting factors in our schools and families.
When I am reading, writing, listening, communicating, eating, walking, driving and meditating I make it sure that I am fully attentive and focused on what I am doing. This is mindfulness practice. When my mind goes astray by an external stimulusor internal stimulus, I become aware of it and do not get trapped by it. Practicing mindfulness helps me to be free from my temptation to to be engaged in more than one task. It frees me from multitasking. When we eat we pray together. Praying together creates sacred and peaceful environment. We put our smart phones and laptops beyond our sight. When we study or communicate we follow the same helpful rule.
Namaste!
Jagdish P Dave'
What a blessing you are to those you are in the presence of! The best gift we can give another is our full attention, understanding and love. Amen
TB
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