The Power Paradox

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LA PARADOJA DEL PODER
--por Dacher Keltner

La vida está hecha de patrones. Y hay un patrón que continúa apareciendo en los estudios científicos que he llevado a cabo durante los últimos veinte años. Se llama la paradoja del poder: ganamos en poder y marcamos la diferencia en el mundo movidos por lo mejor de la naturaleza humana, pero dejamos el poder movidos por lo peor de esa naturaleza. Ganamos en capacidad para marcar la diferencia en el mundo mejorando la vida de los demás, pero la propia experiencia de tener poder y privilegios nos lleva a comportarnos, en nuestros peores momentos, como sociópatas impulsivos fuera de control.

Cómo manejamos la paradoja del poder guía nuestras vidas personales y laborales y determina, en última instancia, lo felices que seremosnosotr@s y la gente que nos importa.Hace veinte años, cuando empezaron los estudios para destapar la paradoja del poder, me enfrenté a la cuestión de: ¿Qué es el poder? Para ponernos delante de la paradoja del poder, necesitamos saber qué es el poder. La primera sorpresa que mi indagación científica produjo fue esta: nuestro entendimiento cultural del poder ha sido moldeado profundamente y de forma duradera por una persona—Nicolás Maquiavelo—y su poderoso libro escrito en el siglo dieciséis, “El Príncipe”. En ese libro el autor florentino argumentaba que el poder tiene que ver, en esencia, con la fuerza, el fraude, la crueldad y la violencia estratégica. Siguiendo a Maquiavelo, la extendida tendencia ha sido pensar en el poder como algo que implica actos extraordinarios de fuerza coercitiva. El poder era lo que los grandes dictadores ejercían; el poder estaba personificado por generales realizando movimientos decisivos en los campos de batalla, hombres de negocios iniciando opas hostiles, trabajadores/as sacrificando a sus compañer@s para trepar en sus propias carreras, y matones/as en el patio del instituto atormentando a l@s más pequeñ@s.
Pero esta visión del poder cae hoy en día ante nuestro cuidadoso escrutinio. No puede dar sentido a los muchos cambios importantes en la historia del mundo: la abolición de la esclavitud, el derrocamiento de dictadores, el final del apartheid, y el crecimiento de los derechos civiles, de los derechos de las mujeres, y los movimientos por los derechos de los gays y lesbianas, por nombrar unos pocos. Desde los tiempos del Renacimiento en la Florencia de Maquiavelo la sociedad ha cambiado drásticamente de forma que hace falta que vayamos más allá de nuestra noción de poder pasada de moda. Estaremos más preparados para superar la paradoja del poder si ampliamos nuestro pensamiento y definimos el poder como la capacidad de marcar la diferencia en el mundo, en particular incluyendo a otr@s en nuestras redes sociales.

Esta nueva definición del poder revela que no es algo limitado a individuos raros en momentos dramáticos de sus vidas altamente visibles—a dictadores malintencionados, políticos notorios, o ricos y famos@s de la jet-set; ni existe solamente en las salas de juntas, en los campos de batalla, o el senado de los E.E.U.U. En vez de eso, el poder define la vigilia de todos los seres humanos. Se encuentra no solo en actos extraordinarios sino en actos cotidianos, de hecho en cada interacción y cada relación, sea el intento de que un niño de dos años se coma las verduras o inspirar a una compañera cabezota para que haga su trabajo lo mejor que sepa. Se trata de darle una oportunidad a alguien, o hacerle a un amigo la pregunta para estimular el pensamiento creativo, o calmar los nervios agitados de un colega, o dirigir recursos hacia una persona joven que está intentando encajar en la sociedad.

La dinámica del poder, los patrones de influencia mutua, definen las interacciones en curso entre el feto y la madre, el padre y el bebé, entre parejas sentimentales, amigos de la infancia, adolescentes, las personas del trabajo, y los grupos en conflicto. El poder es el medio a través del cual nos relacionamos un@s con otr@s. El poder trata de marcar la diferencia en el mundo influyendo en los demás. Y ese poder nos es dado por los otr@s, más que ser algo que uno elige coger.


Sacado de este articulo Dacher Keltner es un investigador de UC Berkeley, fundador del Greater Good Science Center y habla sobre estos temas en sus últimos libros sobre el poder.

* Traducción de María Ayala :)

Preguntas semilla para la reflexión: ¿Cómo te relacionas con la idea de que el poder es el medio a través del cual nos relacionamos un@s con otr@s? ¿Puedes compartir una historia personal de alguna vez que te hayas dado cuenta de que el poder nos es dado por los demás, más que elegido por un@ mism@? ¿Qué te ha ayudado a ver el poder desde una perspectiva de servicio opuesta a la perspectiva de Maquiavelo?
Seed Questions for Reflection

How do you relate to the notion that power is the medium through which we relate to one another? Can you share a personal story of a time you realized that power is give to us by others, rather than grabbed? What has helped you view power from a service perspective as opposed to a Machiavellian perspective?

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13 Past Reflections
MA
Mar 5, 2022
Hey very nice web site!! Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful ..
I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally?

I am glad to seek out so many useful information here in the publish, we need work out extra strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing.

. . . . . folisin
MA
Mar 5, 2022
Hey very nice web site!! Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful ..
I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally?

I am glad to seek out so many useful information here in the publish, we need work out extra strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing.

. . . . . folisin
MA
Mar 5, 2022
Hey very nice web site!! Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful ..
I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally?

I am glad to seek out so many useful information here in the publish, we need work out extra strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing.

. . . . . folisin
MA
Mar 5, 2022
Hey very nice web site!! Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful ..
I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally?

I am glad to seek out so many useful information here in the publish, we need work out extra strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing.

. . . . . folisin
KG
Kathy Grant
Jul 13, 2016
   The question, how do you relate to the notion that power is the medium through which we relate to one another initially caused me to recoil.  I have lived the Machiavelli definition of power.  As a child and young adult, my experience of powerful people is that of aggressive victimization by bigger stronger scary people.   As a young child I understood myself to have power however I often gave my power away.  It was either to avoid conflict because someone was going to grab it away from me any way, or so as not to assume responsibility for it.  It’s interesting when I reflect on my youth I was either denied any power or I was accused of having omnipotent power.  Either I was worthless incapable of anything, or through one mistake or transgression I was capable of great and horrific things (Just look what you did!)  I remember age seven or eight thinking, ‘someday they will realize who I really am and they will be so... View full comment
ME
me Jul 13, 2016

 Amen!  You tell my story!  Hmmmm ...

JG
Jul 12, 2016
I found this message very useful in my personal interactions. It reinforces another message i received the same morning. I have inserted it below hoping you may find it useful too. ======  Bowl of Saki, July 12, by Hazrat Inayat Khan Commentary by Pir-o-Murshid Inayat Khan: Each one has his circle of influence, large or small; within his sphere so many souls and minds are involved; with his rise, they rise; with his fall, they fall. The size of a man's sphere corresponds with the extent of his sympathy, or we may say, with the size of his heart. His sympathy holds his sphere together. As his heart grows, his sphere grows; as his sympathy is withdrawn or lessened, so his sphere breaks up and scatters. If he harms those who live and move within his sphere, those dependent upon him or upon his affection, he of necessity harms himself. His house or his palace or his cottage, his satisfaction or his disgust in his environment is the creation o... View full comment
AM
Amy Jul 13, 2016

 Love!  Thank you for sharing!  You just spread joy my way!

JP
Jul 12, 2016
 Power is a relational concept and experience. When we try to control somebody in the orbit of my relationship and feel good, great and superior to the other, we loose our wholesome connection with the other person.Empoweng oneself at the cost of others is the root cause of exploitation causing adversarial relationship. When we use power to help  the other, to be connected with the other on equality basis, and with love in our heart, power becomes a great positive force. It results in giving and sharing rather than taking and controlling.Power can kill and power can heal. One has to make a wise choice. I work with children and help them to make wise choices in relating to other children and their teachers. When they get caught up in a power struggle situation with another child ot a teacher, I ask them to play a pillow game.In this game. The person who feels like " I am right and he is is wrong'', I ask both the children to take turns and let the other child k... View full comment
NA
Namaste Jul 14, 2016

 I wish you could work with "our world"!  Saw what you speak of just today . . . Lord we needs You!  Praying ...

PL
Jul 11, 2016
Power is indeed a strange creature for good or evil having watched people who have been in a position of power change into people who even slow down their own voices to get as much of your attention time as they can, to making regrettable decisions based on how powerful 'they' consider themselves to be. No matter how much that rope pulls you up you can be dropped unceremoniously in a moment........thats when the judgment of how you used that power can take place.........equal rights for all is the most powerful tool, if you are powerful as a by product of what you have achieved rather than as your goal it will be a better type of power put to the good use of all. Never fear power for there is only you that damages its reputation along with your own when you do not use it wisely.  Power can be best friends with arrogance but also with love and thats when you really are powerful. x
 
DD
Jul 9, 2016

We each have our personal power that we bring to a relationship, and it is at least part of the medium through which we relate to one another.   Owning my personal power makes it easier for the other to own his or her personal power.  I can't make anyone do anything -- I can make it more or less difficult for the other to express or do whatever.  Power isn't given to us by others.  My power is mine; each person's power is their own.  It's my birthright to own my power.  I don't need to grab my power -- it's simply mine to accept or reject.  Satisfaction that I feel from using my power to be of service has helped me view power from a service perspective, and dissatisfaction from using my power in a manipulative, dishonest, coercive way has helped me reject a Machiavellian perspective.

AM
Amen Jul 14, 2016

 Love.